The effect of dietary protein intake on immune status in pigs of different genotypes

Little is known about the immune status of different pig breeds and the role of dietary protein intake. The present study, performed on 96 barrows (48 pure-bred Bama mini-pigs (fatty genotype) and 48 Landrace pigs (lean genotype)) randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups (low- or adequate protein diet), with twenty-four24 individuals per treatment), evaluated the levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines in serum, and intestinal and splenic innate immunity on the two breeds. Data showed significant interactions between breed and diet for adaptive and innate immunity. Throughout the experiment, Landrace pigs showed significantly higher intestinal immune responses than Bama mini-pigs, and an adequate provision of dietary protein improved the expression of specific antibodies in early growth phases. These finding have important implication for improving the immune status of Landrace pigs, which are a major source of protein for humans.

Abbreviations: BW: Body Weight; NRC diet: National Research Council diet; GB diet: Chinese conventional diet; CSFV: Classical Swine Fever Virus; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; SIgA: Secretory Immunoglobulin A.     

长寿地区成年女性骨密度测量结果评估

目的 检测广西巴马地区20岁～60岁成年女性的骨密度,探讨其骨密度变化的规律.方法 随机选取当地268位20岁～60岁成年女性,按不同年龄分组,每组5岁,共8组.应用韩国生产跟骨超声骨密度测定仪,测定跟骨骨密度.采用SPSS16.0对数据进行分析.结果 268例全部进入分析.(1)女性的峰值骨密度处于36岁～40岁年龄组,峰值组的骨密度高于绝经后组(P＜0.05),且随年龄的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势.(2)女性的骨密度随年龄的增加而减少,导致骨质疏松症的发病率升高.(3)Pearson相关分析显示,女性的SI和年龄呈现出负相关(r=-0.193,P＜0.01),和身高有显著关系(r=0.157,P＜0.05),并未发现与体重和BMI有关系.结论 广西巴马地区20岁～60岁女性SI值与年龄和身高均有显著相关性,本研究获得的SI值为进一步探讨长寿地区成年女性的骨密度状况提供参考依据.     

西藏小型猪IGF-1基因的克隆测序分析

目的 克隆西藏小型猪的肝脏组织中的IGF-1基因的cDNA序列,并与pubmed中查询到的猪cDNA进行比对分析。方法 本研究提取了西藏小型猪肝脏组织的总RNA,应用RT-PCR技术扩增了IGF-1基因的cDNA序列,将扩增出的片段克隆到pMD18-T载体上,构建重组质粒pMD18-T-IGF-1,进行测序分析。结果 首次克隆出了西藏小型猪肝脏组织中的IGF-1的cDNA序列,获得了大小为567bp长的片段,编码了186个氨基酸,与pubmed中查询到的猪（NM_214256.1）的IGF-1基因高度同源,比对序列发现,在440bp、455bp处发生了G→A、C→T的突变,该位点的突变引起相应编码氨基酸的变化,分别由组氨酸变成了精氨酸、亮氨酸转变成了丝氨酸。结论 本研究为西藏小型猪的生长发育机制研究提供了分子学依据,两个位点的突变引起的氨基酸的改变是否是导致西藏小型猪矮小的原因,需要进一步论证。     

广西巴马地区居民血清中叉头框蛋白O3A基因mRNA及蛋白水平的研究

目的研究广西巴马地区居民血清中叉头框蛋白O3A(forkhead box protein O3A,FOXO3A)基因mRNA及蛋白表达水平的差异,探讨其与家庭聚集性长寿现象的关系。方法于2011年5月,在广西巴马地区抽取具有3~4代直系亲属的家庭,分为长寿家族史组(137例)和无长寿家族史组(91例),测定血清中FOXO3A mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果长寿家族史组人群血清FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平是无长寿家族史组的1.21倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。长寿家族史组和无长寿家族史组人群血清FOXO3A蛋白的表达水平间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。长寿家族史组居民血清中FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平与其蛋白的表达水平之间未见相关关系(P0.05);无长寿家族史组居民血清中FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平与其蛋白表达水平呈负相关(P0.05)。结论广西巴马地区居民血清FOXO3A mRNA的表达水平可能与当地家庭聚集性长寿现象有一定关联,尚未发现FOXO3A蛋白水平与家庭聚集性长寿现象的关联性,需进一步扩大样本量进行验证。     

Canalostomy is an ideal surgery route for inner ear gene delivery in big animal model

Abstract

Background: Inner gene therapy offers great promises as a potential treatment for hearing loss.

Aims/objectives: One of the critical determinants of the success of inner ear gene therapy is to find a delivery method which results in consistent transduction efficiency of targeted cell types while minimizing hearing loss.

Material and methods: Surgery was performed only in the right ear of each Bama miniature pig, and the left ear served as a control. The gene delivery to inner ear via round window membrane (RWM) and posterior semicircular canal (PSC) approach was performed with the viral vector AAV1-CMV-GFP.

Results: The gene delivery through RWM and the PSC (canalostomy) is able to perfuse the inner ear.

Conclusions and significance: The easy anatomic identification of the PSC, as to RWM, as well as minimal manipulation of the temporal bone required, make this surgical approach an attractive option for inner ear gene delivery in big animal model.     

Cellular proliferation in the nasal septal cartilage of juvenile minipigs

The growth of the nasal septal cartilage is believed to be a driving force of midfacial growth. Cellular proliferation is an important contributor to growth of the cartilage, but this factor has been rarely investigated. The current study was undertaken to assess the proliferation and cellular density in the septal cartilage of fast-growing juvenile minipigs. Six minipigs averaging 4.4 ± 1 months old were injected with 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, 24 h before death. The septal cartilage was sectioned in the coronal plane and reacted for BrdU. The proliferative index (number of BrdU-positive chondrocytes/total number of chondrocytes) and cellular density (number of cells mm⁻²) of various locations of the septum were measured and compared in order to determine overall proliferation rate and whether regional variations in proliferative activity and cellular density are present. To provide a time perspective to the problem of midfacial growth, the lengths of the nasal bone and the palate were measured in a collection of 61 dry skulls of minipigs aged 1–8 months. Results showed that the septal chondrocytes were proliferating at a surprisingly high rate (∼21%). The proliferative index was higher in the ventral and middle compared with the dorsal locations, and in the central cartilage compared with the perichondrium. No difference in proliferative index was found between the anterior and posterior parts of the septum. Cellular density was higher in the perichondrium than in the central cartilage. Within the central cartilage there was a trend for higher cellular density anteriorly. In conclusion, the rapidly growing midface of juvenile minipigs is associated with a high rate of septal proliferation, especially in the ventral half of the cartilage.     

五指山小型猪繁殖性能测定

目的测定封闭群五指山小型猪繁殖性能指标。方法依据相关标准,测定普通级封闭群五指山小型猪种猪繁殖性能,并通过SAS软件进行相关统计分析。结果封闭群五指山小型猪繁殖行为学参数稳定,母猪性成熟早,胎次对窝产仔率、仔猪生存率以及个体重量有一定的影响,但多数统计学差异不显著。相关性分析显示,窝产活仔数与出生个体重间存在负相关,并且随着胎次的增加负相关性增强。结论封闭群五指山小型猪生产繁育性能较高,具有较好的实验动物化价值。仔猪个体发育过程中个体间差异仍有增大的趋势,提示种群仍需进一步选育和纯化。     

五指山小型猪糖耐量试验及血脂分析

目的 确定五指山小型猪的正常糖耐量水平,并检测血脂,筛查糖、脂代谢异常小型猪.方法 选择未去势的五指山小型猪,禁食不禁水12h后按1.2 ml/kg体重的剂量静脉注射50％葡萄糖注射液,并分别在注糖前、注糖后10、30、60、90和120 min采血测定血糖值.同时采取空腹血清送实验室检测血糖（Glu）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等生化指标.结果 静脉注糖后血糖水平出现显著性波动,注糖后10 min内血糖水平达到峰值,随后逐渐下降,直至注糖后90 min恢复到给糖前水平.有7头小型猪的糖耐量部分血糖值超过95％置信度上线值,有12头小型猪部分相关的血清生化指标值超过95％置信度上线值.相关性分析发现Glu与TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C这4个指标都存在显著的相关性,多因素分析表明TG、HDL-C与Glu显著相关.结论 筛选出糖代谢或脂代谢异常,以及糖耐量减低的小型猪.     

广西巴马地区大米和玉米中微量元素的检测

目的 检测广西巴马地区老人主食大米和玉米中微量元素含量,并探讨其与长寿的可能关系.方法 随机选取当地老人正在食用的主食大米样品23份和玉米样品25份,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定大米和玉米中Al、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、K、Mn、Na、P、Pb、Zn的含量.结果 与非长寿区域相比,巴马长寿区域种植的玉米及大米中有害有毒重金属物质Al、Cd、Pb的含量均较低,而Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、K、Mn、P、Zn等8种微量元素含量丰富,玉米中Al、Pb、Mn、P两组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大米中所有元素,两组之间比较差异不显著.结论 巴马长寿区域与非长寿区域老人的主食中大米和玉米的微量元素的组成不同,其与巴马长寿的关系值得进一步研究.